Iterators and iterables are foundational concepts in Python, forming the basis of its looping mechanisms. They allow you to traverse collections like lists, tuples, dictionaries, and custom objects. Let’s explore them in detail. What is an Iterable? An iterable is any Python object that can be iterated over (i.e., you can go through its elements … Read more
Method Resolution Order (MRO) is a critical concept in object-oriented programming, particularly in Python, which determines the order in which classes are searched when looking for a method in a class hierarchy. This order is especially important when working with multiple inheritance, where a class inherits from more than one parent class. Python uses a … Read more
In this guide, we’ll explore commonly asked Python interview questions, along with explanations to help you ace your next interview. Let’s dive into Python’s rich ecosystem and its real-world applications! Python was created by whom and when? Python was created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991. What is the latest Python version? The … Read more
The VI editor is a powerful, efficient, ubiquitous text editor in the Unix/Linux ecosystem. For many developers and system administrators, it is a critical tool for editing configuration files, writing scripts, or coding. While VI may initially seem daunting due to its unique modal interface, its shortcodes make it an extremely productive tool when mastered. … Read more
When Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL in 2008, the future looked bright for this widely-used open-source database. However, things took a sharp turn when Oracle Corporation, a major player in proprietary software, acquired Sun the following year. Concerns quickly grew within the open-source community, and many feared Oracle might alter MySQL’s development course, potentially shifting it … Read more
SQL wildcards (% and _) can be powerful for pattern matching, but they can also have performance implications, especially on large datasets. Here’s a breakdown of their usage and impact on performance: Leading Wildcards (%pattern) Performance Impact: Using a leading % disables index usage, as the database must perform a full scan to find matches. … Read more
Database engines (or storage engines) are the underlying systems that manage how data is stored, retrieved, and manipulated within a database. Each engine has its own unique set of features, optimizations, and limitations. MySQL, one of the most popular open-source SQL databases, supports multiple storage engines, the most widely used being MyISAM and InnoDB. Other … Read more
SQL query optimization is essential to ensure your database applications run smoothly and efficiently, especially as data grows. Optimized SQL queries can significantly improve response times, reduce server load, and enhance the user experience. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to optimizing SQL queries, covering best practices, tips, and strategies to make your queries faster … Read more
The EXPLAIN statement in SQL is a powerful diagnostic tool that helps you understand and optimize your database queries, especially in relational databases like MySQL. By using EXPLAIN, you can see how your queries interact with your tables, which indexes are used, and the estimated costs of each operation. Understanding the output of EXPLAIN is … Read more
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Together, these principles define how transactions behave and help prevent data corruption, even when issues like hardware failures, power outages, or concurrent data access arise. Let’s break down each of these properties to understand their significance in SQL transactions. What is a Database Transaction? Before diving into … Read more